Properties+of+solutions

__Properties of Solutions__


 * Solutions** are mixtures whose individual components are so well mixed that they are not easily separated. In more science-y terms, a solution is said to have a **homogeneous** composition.

__Terms, which once learnt, will allow their holder to rule the world with an Iron Fist.__
 * **Solute**: The substance being dissolved. (eg. Sugar, salt.)


 * **Solvent**: The substance that is doing the dissolving. (eg. water, ethanol)


 * **Solubility**: Expressed in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent, the solubility of a substance is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a given temperature to produce a saturated solution. (So, the solubility of salt in water at STP is 36g per 100g of water.)


 * **Saturated** solution: A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature.


 * **Unsaturated** solution: A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.


 * **Supersaturated** solution: A solution that contains more solute than the maximum of solute at a given temperature.


 * **Miscible**: Two liquids that can dissolve in each other. (eg. water and ethanol)


 * **Immiscible**: Two liquids that are insoluble in each other. (eg. oil and vinegar, oil and water)

__Factors that Affect Solubility__ - Agitation. (How fast one stirs.) - Temperature. Solubility increases with temperature for most liquids, and decreases for gases. - Pressure. See Henry's Law. - Surface Area: ↑ surface area of solute, ↑ area for solvent to "latch" on to, ↑ rate of solubility.

- States that at a given temperature the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid, which is reflected in the formula: **S1/P1 = S2/P2.** As pressure increases, so does the solubility of the gas.
 * Henry’s Law